Proceedings of Scientific Research Universidad Anáhuac. Multidisciplinary Journal of Healthcare
Proceedings of Scientific Research Universidad Anáhuac. Multidisciplinary Journal of Healthcare is the official body from the Research Centre in Health Sciences (CICSA from its acronym in spanish) from the Health Sciences Faculty of Anahuac University Mexico. As a multidisciplinary journal, six-monthly periodicity and open access. The journal accepts to publish basic, clinical and epidemiologic scientific research papers. Papers are published addressing the following areas: medicine, nutrition, odontology, biotecnology and physic therapy and rehabilitation. The paper´s evaluation includes a peer review process (double blinded) with the participation of well recognized authors on their respective investigation area of specialization, warranting to meet the highest and most rigorous scientific standards of quality.
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Slow desensitization to fluconazole in woman with maculopapular exanthema
Introduction: Desensitisation is a procedure that modifies the immune response to a pharmaceutical agent, thereby creating a transient tolerance to the drug in question. This allows the patient with an allergic reaction to continue receiving the requisite treatment without interruption. Once the desensitization process is terminated, the patient's hypersensitivity to the drug resumes. This case study presents the case of a 53-year-old woman with a personal history of kidney transplant who presents to the hospital with a lesion on the hallux of the left foot at the starting point of onychocryptosis, with a positive culture for cryptococci. The presumptive diagnosis is disseminated disease due to compatible lesions in the lungs, as indicated by computed tomography. Therefore, long-term treatment with fluconazole is recommended. During the administration of the antifungal agent, the patient developed a maculopapular rash with pruritus, which was diagnosed as a hypersensitivity reaction to the drug. Consequently, a slow desensitization procedure was performed to ensure the patient's safety and efficacy of treatment. Objectives: Describe a slow desensitization protocol in a patient with a non-IgE-mediated maculopapular reaction. Additionally, the medical history and clinical history of the patient, as well as the time of onset of symptoms after administration of the drug, were analyzed. Furthermore, a literature review on similar allergic reactions was conducted, and the medical and pharmacological interventions used were specified. Material and methods: We observed desensitization protocols in patients with a history of allergy and their subsequent monitoring. A desensitization protocol comprising 15 consecutive steps was implemented, adapted from a protocol for oral TMS in patients with HIV infection and a history of allergy to the antibiotic in question. Results: The procedure was straigtfoward and efficacious, and thus the patient proceeded with the recommended dosage for the infectious condition. Conclusion: It was determined that the desensitization procedure is safe when conducted by trained medical professionals in a controlled setting.
Copyright (c) 2024 Pilar Alza, Milagros Moreno, Marcela Soria http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Pediatric physiotherapeutic intervention in Classical Ehlers-Danlos
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a group of genetic connective tissue disorders characterized by mutations in the genes that encode collagen, collagen-modifying enzymes, and other extracellular matrix proteins. These alterations generate clinical manifestations such as joint hypermobility, skin fragility and musculoskeletal complications, which significantly impact the quality of life of patients. Although scientific evidence on the physiotherapy management of EDS is limited, it has been observed that specialized interventions can improve joint stability, muscle strength and functionality, especially in pediatric patients. This article aims to provide an updated review on EDS in the pediatric population and propose a comprehensive and multidisciplinary physiotherapeutic approach, focused on the prevention of complications, the management of symptoms and the promotion of active participation in activities of daily living.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mónica Planas Rego, Paulette Laniado Abud, Miguel Ángel Martínez Camacho, Natalie Fastag Weber, Paloma Gómez Llano, Irlanda Olvera Gómez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effectiveness of physiotherapy techniques for treating diastasis abdominis: A narrative systematic review
Introduction: The body undergoes anatomical and physiological changes during pregnancy to support fetal development. One significant musculoskeletal change is abdominal diastasis (AD), which involves the separation of the rectus abdominis muscles, causing lumbopelvic stability issues. Proper evaluation and classification of AD are essential for its treatment. Some of the issues are instability, potentially leading to abdominal hernias, lower back pain, poor posture, deficiencies in the pelvic area, and loss of strength. The surgical technique of reconstruction of the linea alba is the standard medical treatment for AD. However, different treatments could be effective in controlling symptoms, like some physiotherapy interventions, and could enhance the treatment results. Objectives: To identify and assess the effectiveness of physiotherapy techniques for treating AD in postpartum women, determining which treatment best reduces the inter-recti distance. Materials and methods: A narrative systematic review was conducted. The search was carried out in databases such as PEDro, PubMed, ELSEVIER, and EBSCO, and 62 articles were selected. After removing duplicates, 33 articles were included, which were published between 2017 and 2024 in Spanish and English. Studies that fulfilled our criteria included the use of exercises and/or deep core stability, muscle strengthening, deep core stability, kinesiotape, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and hypopressive techniques. Results: the most effective treatments for AD are abdominal exercises, muscle strengthening, and deep core stability. Conclusions: This narrative review can conclude that the most effective physiotherapy treatment for AD is exercise and/or core stability, which might be an effective adjunct treatment to usual care.
Copyright (c) 2024 Natalie Fastag Weber, Begoña Maciel Cámara, Vivian Dichi Michan, Moisés Jonathan Magos Chong, Artemio Efraim Cruz Vélez, Irlanda Olvera Gómez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Acceptability and side effects of omega 3 in pregnant women with deficient intake
Introduction: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as EPA and DHA, are essential during pregnancy due to their benefits for maternal health and fetal development. In pregnant women with omega-3 deficiency, assessing tolerability, acceptability, and potential side effects is crucial to optimize treatment adherence. Objective: To determine the tolerability and the main side effects in a group of pregnant women with inadequate fish intake in a rural community. Materials and methods: A nutritional survey was conducted in a group of pregnant women attending their prenatal check-ups at a private Gyneco-obstetric institution to investigate the need for omega-3 supplementation through a simplified questionnaire in a population of pregnant women. Two capsules containing 760 mg of EPA and 520 mg of DHA were prescribed from 20 weeks onward. The presence of side effects and adherence to the prescription were documented. Results: A tolerability rate of 100.0% was found. Side effects included nausea 19.2%, belching 4.6%, fishy breath 2.3%, vomiting 1.5%, and no cases of allergic reaction. No patient discontinued supplementation. Conclusions: The side effects of omega-3 PUFAs in this study were very low, resulting in excellent treatment adherence.
Copyright (c) 2024 Indalecio Gustavo Martinez Velasco, Roman Jimenez Lopez, Maria Fernanda Gallego Mora, Oliver Arciniega Mancilla, Diana Isabel Castro Luna, Deny Guadalupe Gonzalez Guzmán, Esmeralda Galarza de la Cruz http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
COVID-19 host-genetics: Known and novel variants in an admixed population
Introduction: The investigation of host gene variants associated to COVID-19 has led to causal relationships and potential therapeutic targets, but most of these studies have taken place in individuals of European descent. Objective: Here, we aimed to confirm allele frequency differences in host genetic variants previously associated to COVID-19 in admixed individuals i.e., Mestizos from Mexico. Genes studied included those previously reported and replicated including, ABO, CCR2, CCR9, CXCR6, DPP9, FYCO1, IL10RB/IFNAR2, LZTFL1, OAS1, OAS2, OAS3, SLC6A20, TYK2, and XCR1. Methods: DNA from 106 COVID-19 patients and 2677 individuals were genotyped using the Illumina GSA array. Variants not probed in the array or that did not pass quality controls were imputed for these 14 genes using the 1000G phase 3 hg19 as reference following current standard protocols. Allele frequencies were computed and compared between COVID-19 patients and the general population. Results: We confirmed allele frequency differences for ABO rs657152, DPP9 rs2109069, LZTFL1 rs11385942, OAS1 rs10774671, OAS1 rs2660, OAS2 rs1293767, and OAS3 rs1859330 p<0.03. In addition, we identified over 100 SNVs with significant allele frequency differences (p-value <10 -2). Of these, there were four variants on ABO, OAS1/2 and FYCO1 with a high functional impact assessed in-silico. Conclusions: our observations confirm allele frequency differences in genes associated with COVID-19 in an admixed population and prompts for the development of metanalyses to validate local and geographical patterns of COVID-19 severity and infection associated to genetic variation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Vanessa Gonzalez-Covarrubiasa, José Luis Cruz-Jaramilllo, Willebaldo García‐Muñoz, Lourdes Anzures-Cortés, Lorenza Haddad-Talancón, Sergio Sánchez-García, María del Carmen Jiménez Martínez, Edgar Pérez Barragáne, David Koepsell, Alejandro Nieto-Patlán, José Darío Martínez-Ezquerro, Kenneth Rubio-Carrascoa, Nancy Vara Gama, Laura del Bosque-Plata, Mauricio Rodríguez-Dorantes, Gabriela Mellado-Sánchez, Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Gender Differences in High-Risk Modifiable Sexual Practices: Insights from a Student Population
Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are on the rise, particularly in vulnerable groups with limited sexual education and healthcare access. In Mexico, high rates of STIs underscore the need for effective public health strategies and sexual education. Objective: Investigate gender differences in high-risk sexual practices among students aged 18-25 in a private University in Mexico City, focusing on modifiable behavioral risk factors for STIs. Materials and Methods: This research performed a cross-sectional observational design, surveying students from a private university. A z-score test was performed, with a 95% confidence interval and a 5% error. Results: A difference of 30% (95% CI, p=0.003) between the male and female participants that received health education was identified (80% female vs 50% males). A difference of 25% (95% CI, p=0.0122) between females and males (67.5% females vs 42.5% males), reported discussing STI status before sexual activities. Regarding the use of barrier methods, a difference of 25% (95% CI, p=0.0122), (70% females vs 45% males) reported the consistent use of such methods. Conclusion: These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted sexual health education, particularly for men, to address the substantial knowledge gaps and risky behaviors. Comprehensive and accessible education programs, coupled with community engagement and policy support, are critical to fostering a culture of sexual health responsibility among young adults.
Copyright (c) 2024 Isabel Noemi-Torres, María Jimena Barroso-Alverde, Emilio Moreno-González, Antonio Ibarra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Publication rates and characteristics of medical theses from a University Hospital in México City
Background. In medicine, as in other disciplines, a significant amount of research is first captured in the thesis of university degree candidates. Nevertheless, on many occasions the scientific rates of thesis publication are meager. The Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez” (HGMGG) is a relevant public university hospital in Mexico City; however, the characteristics, fate, and publication rates of the dissertations produced by medical residents are unknown. Objective. The objective of the present study was to examine these essential aspects in our Hospital to identify areas of opportunity to increase publishing of these research dissertations. Material and methods. Data from the theses presented between 1980 and 2000 were obtained from the TESIUNAM repository. Publication of theses in indexed and non-indexed biomedical journals was assessed by a search strategy using Google Scholar, SciELO, Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, Ebsco, Ovid, Imbiomed, and Lilacs databases. Results. Sixty-eight of 360 (18.9%) medical theses written by residents were transformed into articles published in scientific journals. Residents were the first authors on 19% (13/68) of these articles. The factors associated with the publication of a particular thesis were a prospective and analytical design; human beings as the study subjects; presentation by the Department of Pediatrics; supervisor with PhD degree, and Mexican journal with impact factor in SJR and Scopus Impact Factor. Discussion. A low proportion of theses’ publication was found in our hospital. It is necessary to implement measures to improve the rate of publication by residents.
Copyright (c) 2024 Oscar C Thompson-Chagoyán, Pablo Maravilla, Octavio Sierra-Martínez , Ingrid Jaqueline Pratt-Rosales , Rubén Alejandro León-Loredo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Zinc supplementation in patients with cirrhosis and dysgeusia: Randomized Clinical Trial
Background: Dysgeusia has been identified as part of liver cirrhosis (LC). Since zinc (Zn) is involved in taste and LC pathophysiology, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation in patients with LC. Methods: Double-blinded randomized clinical trial, controlled with placebo in patients with LC. The intervention consisted of 100mg/day of Zn for six months. Improvement of dysgeusia was evaluated according to changes in perception (PT) and recognition (RT) thresholds of five flavors evaluated by ascending molar dilutions method. Differences were assessed by determining the size and the magnitude of effects, interpreted according to Common Language Effect Size, and determining the number needed to treat (NNT). Results: 50% (n=17) of patients were male, with a median age of 57 [51-63] years. After six months, 28 patients accomplished the follow-up; in patients who receive Zn, we observed a PT at a lower molar concentration in salty (1.0 [IQR 1.0-14.7] M vs. 12 [IQR 1.0-12] M, improvement probability 58% (NNT=6)), sweet (1.5 [IQR 1.5-3.5] M vs. 3.5 [IQR 1.5-4.0] M, improvement probability 57% (NNT=6)), sour (0.48 [IQR 0.48-0.48] M vs 0.48 [IQR 0.48-2.44] M, improvement probability 65% (NNT=3)) and umami (0.40 [IQR 0.40-0.40] M vs 0.70 [IQR 0.70-0.80] M, improvement probability 74% (NNT=2)) tastes compared to placebo group. With respect to RT, patients who received Zn, recognition of umami taste was observed at a lower molar concentration (0.70 [IQR 0.40-1.17] M vs 0.90 [0.70-1.1] M, improvement probability 59% (NNT=5)) compared to placebo. Conclusion: Patients supplemented with GZn show an improvement probability of PT higher than 55% for salty, sweet, sour, and umami tastes. Meanwhile, the improvement probability of RT for umami taste is 59%.
Copyright (c) 2024 Eva Juárez-Hernández, Iván López-Méndez, Misael Uribe, Norberto Chávez-Tapia, Marcos Meneses-Mayo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Dendritic cells in the treatment of HIV, cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus
Vaccines have been one of the best weapons against diseases that have affected humanity for years, their development has allowed the eradication of important epidemics such as smallpox in 1980. Previously, complete microorganisms, or parts of them, were used to fight a disease. Nowadays vaccines make use of more sophisticated components such as genetic material and/or viral vectors. However, although technology in vaccine development has increased considerably in recent years, there are still limitations for the treatment of diseases caused by viruses such as HIV and complex diseases that are difficult to address such as systemic lupus erythematosus and cancer. This article briefly describes an overview of such diseases and the current trend of directing the immune response by vaccinating cells, not people. The importance of dendritic cells and the new technologies that have emerged in recent years are highlighted.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lenin Leonardo Bravo-Martínez, Moisés Talavera-Paulin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Disorders: Comparative pathologies review and diagnosis suspicion algorithm proposal
Respiratory pathologies, along with congenital cardiac diseases, represent the main etiologies of neonatal disorders. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome embraces several pathologies that share respiratory impairment as its main clinical manifestation. Epidemiological and risk factors for respiratory disorders, such as weeks of gestation accomplished before birth and maternal comorbidities, have been identified during the last decades. However, similar acute clinical manifestations, as well as laboratory and radiological findings, lack comprehension, which might lead to an incorrect diagnosis and delayed optimal treatment. Hyaline membrane disease, transient tachypnea of the newborn, and meconium aspiration syndrome represent the three most frequent types of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. In this paper, we describe the risk factors and pathophysiology of each disease and compare clinical manifestations, as well as laboratory and radiological findings between them. For this purpose, we analized a key termed based literature review which include Systematic Reviews, Metanalysis, case reports and book chapters as well as private hospitals epidemiologic statistic reports. Finally, we present a differential diagnosis algorithm which can be used to identify which respiratory distress syndrome the newborn manifests and consequently give prompt and optimal treatment.
Copyright (c) 2024 Germán Rivera Monroy, Anuar Meneses Mafud, José Alfredo Peñúñuri Domínguez, Víctor Manual Pacheco Beltrán, Diego Aguirre Villegas, Santiago Perea González http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Asymmetrical Septal Hypertrophy diagnosed by MRI: a case report
Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (ASH) is defined as an increase in ventricular wall thickness greater than 15 mm that is not associated with any other pathology. It is a condition that, in most cases, is caused by a mutation in one of the genes associated with the proteins that form the sarcomere. In this article, we present a case of ASH in a 43-year-old adult. After manifesting tachypnea, dyspnea, and cutaneous pallor, followed by a syncopal episode, the individual seeks medical attention. During the medical evaluation, an electrocardiogram (ECG) is performed, revealing bradycardia at 48 beats per minute and an inverted T wave in leads DI, AVL, V3, V4, V5, and V6. The diagnosis is confirmed through cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, which shows hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with non-obstructive ASH of 27.22 mm. Consequently, it is decided to initiate pharmacological treatment with propranolol, and the patient is still awaiting a surgical timeframe for the placement of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).
Copyright (c) 2024 Mauricio Muleiro Álvarez, Felipe Esparza Salazar, Ángel David Alvarado Torres, María Fernanda Osorio Martínez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Comparative nutritional, metabolic and body composition effect in patients of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass with Long or Short Pancreato-Biliary Limb
Introduction: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is one of the most common techniques for the treatment of morbid obesity. However, evidence for the metabolic effects caused by the measures of intestinal limbs that are used in LRYGB is limited. The present study was conducted to assess the metabolic impact of using a long biliopancreatic limb (LBP-limb) versus a short biliopancreatic limb (SBP-limb) in patients with obesity undergoing LRYGB at six, nine and twelve months after the surgery to compare changes from baseline between the two procedures. Methods: Sixty-four patients with obesity participated in this study and underwent gastric bypass with either a 100-cm biliopancreatic limb (SBP-limb) and 150-cm alimentary limb (n = 31) or a 200-cm biliopancreatic limb (LBP-limb) and 50-cm alimentary limb (n = 33). Body weight, body fat (%), lean mass (%), total weight loss (%) and biochemical parameters glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, albumin and glycated hemoglobin were compared at the time of surgery and at six, nine and twelve months after surgery. Results: After surgery was observed in the LBP-limb group greater total weight loss (P = 0.004) at twelve months after surgery and a significant increase in HDL-C levels at six months (P = 0.001) compared with the SBP-limb group. However, no differences in the remission of comorbidities were found between the two groups. Conclusions: At the end of the first year after surgery the LBP-limb technique generated greater weight loss.
Copyright (c) 2023 Leticia del Carmen Guajardo-Montemayor, Rosendo Andrés Rojas-Alvarado, Israel Augusto González-González, Raúl Marín-Domínguez, Francisco José Campos-Pérez, Andrea Ibarra-García, Antonio Ibarra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effect of treatment with probiotics in the reduction of altered levels of the lipid profile in humans and rats: a systematic review
Introduction: Evidence suggests that the use of probiotics can prevent or help in the treatment of diseases such as obesity, acute infectious diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, liver problems, and the correction of hyperlipidemia, whether of total cholesterol, c-HDL, c-LDL or triglycerides. Probiotic strains have been studied that with various mechanisms can decrease lipid levels in children, adults and rats. Objective: To demonstrate the lipid-lowering effect of some probiotic strains tested in humans and rats, compiling research that supports it. Methods: A search was carried out for articles with a year of publication between 2013 and 2023, experimental, observational and cohort studies published in English, full text available and analysis of the decrease in some lipid profile marker due to the use of probiotics. The MESH terms and the Boolean operators used for the search were “probiotics, lipid-lowering, children; Adults; rats and lipid profile”. Data sources: the databases used were PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Clinical Key, and ScienceDirect. Results: Of 2150 articles, 30 were included. After the analysis of the selected articles, the results reveal that probiotics have a beneficial effect on the lipid profile by 25,01%. Total cholesterol level was reduced by 16,65%, c-LDL 32,02% and c-HDL was raised by 21,71%. Conclusion: Supplementation with specific strains of probiotics has a lipid-lowering effect, especially it reduces hypercholesterolemia through various mechanisms, but more studies are required to determine the dosage and treatment time.
Copyright (c) 2023 Arturo Martínez Colón, Marcos Meneses Mayo, Leticia Lillo Ahuacatitan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Alteration in the clinical manifestations of monkeypox in the presence of HIV
Introduction: The monkeypox virus is an orthopox virus belonging to the Poxiviridae family, being a zoonotic infection, with prevalence in the male population, on reproductive age, mainly in men who have sex with men. The virus enters through direct contact with infected skin, body fluids or respiratory droplets. The clinic begins with general prodromal symptoms, followed by a phase of skin lesions in different areas of the body. Objective: To compare the development of monkeypox infection in immunocompromised individuals with respect to a normal course of the disease. Materials and methods: Review of bibliographic data from 33 scientific articles, using databases such as PUBMED and Google Scholar, with the keywords "Monkeypox", "2022", "Clinical manifestations" that included complete characteristics of the virus and having a range of 5 years old as a limit. Results: There is evidence that demonstrates the existence of a coinfection of monkeypox with HIV, increasing the possibility of being a case of opportunism, resulting in an atypical picture in the evolution of the disease. Which begins with rash in genital area with pain and pustules, 3 days later general symptoms of an infectious process are added. Ending with diffuse pruritus accompanied by pustules on the back and extremities. Conclusions: A relationship was determined between seropositive male patients with atypical lesions of the disease, affecting the symptomatologic evolution and a correct diagnosis.
Copyright (c) 2023 Henryka Pichardo Ponce, Wendy Ancona Escalante, Jair Jaziel González González, Francisco Alejandro Nava http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Gorham-Stout syndrome with cervical involvement treated with radiotherapy: a case report
Gorham-Stout disease (GSD), vanishing bone or phantom bone disease, is an uncommon disease whose etiology is uncertain and its pathophysiology poorly understood. This syndrome is characterized by the spontaneous destruction of the bone matrix associated with massive osteolysis and proliferation of lymphatic vascular structures in the affected areas. In the present article we present a case of GSD in a 10-year-old male patient with osteolytic lesions affecting the skull base, including the occipital bone, the petrous portion of the temporalis and clivus, as well as the vertebral bodies from C1 to C5. This syndrome should be suspected when there is bone pain that does not subside with analgesic treatment. An initial study with an x-ray will help us infer the disease in search of a bone deformity. The treatment depends on the characteristics of the lesion, the best being surgery with radiotherapy.
Copyright (c) 2023 Jorge Alejandro Torres Ríos, Mauricio Muleiro Álvarez, Javier Iván Armenta Moreno, Felipe Esparza Salazar, Alejandro Rodríguez Camacho, Ramiro Cabrera Carranco http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Comparison of efficacy between face-to-face and online consultation against overweight and obesity
Introduction: Overweight and obesity have progressively increased in recent years. Online consultation has become a useful tool for healthcare professionals and patients that cannot be assisted through face-to-face consultation. Objectives: Our study aimed to compare the efficacy between online and face-to-face consultation as a strategy in the management of overweight and obesity. Material and Methods: An experimental, cross-sectional study was carried out in 88 patients between 25-30 years old. Patients were classified into two groups of 44 individuals: online and face-to-face consultation. Nutritional evaluations were conducted in each consultation, which comprised of anthropometric, dietetic, and physical assessments. The therapy consisted of individually designed menus made by a specialist and other recommendations based on the World Health Association (WHO) guidelines. Results: Most patients in both groups achieved normal anthropometric measurements after the intervention (41/44 face-to-face group; 39/44 online group). Intragroup analysis (before and after intervention) of body mass index (BMI), weight, and fat percentage in both groups revealed a significant improvement after the intervention (p<0.0001). Intergroup analysis of BMI (p<0.4031), weight (p<0.2265), and fat percentage (p<0.3872) showed no significant difference. The analysis of efficacy revealed an efficacy of up to 95% in the online consultation group when compared to the face-to-face consultation one. Conclusions: No significant difference was found between online and face-to-face groups. The efficacy of online consultation was 95%. These results allow us to conclude that online and face-to-face consultation have a similar efficacy.
Copyright (c) 2023 Jessica Rubí Molina-Téllez, Diego Incontri-Abraham, José Antonio Almeyda-Farfán, Antonio Ibarra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The role of dupilumab in diverse allergic pathologies
Allergic responses represent a significant health problem due to the ineffectiveness of current treatments, as they attempt to decrease the immune response triggered but are unable to create immune memory that reduces the intensity of such response, so the intensity of the response will always be the same as the first time. An allergic response is characterized by the exacerbated and prolonged release of immunoglobulin E (IgE) that triggers innate immune responses due to the activation of T lymphocytes towards a Th2 phenotype, responsible for the release of interleukins 3 and 4 (IL-3 and IL-4), and the activation of B lymphocytes towards IgE-producing plasma cells. Currently, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are used as treatment for various allergic pathologies as they can be used to inhibit the signaling pathways of various interleukins, inactivating the differentiation of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and the production of IgE. One of the most versatile mAbs in the treatment of various allergic responses is Dupilumab, which is designed to inhibit the signaling chain of IL-3 and IL-4, more specifically, it binds to the α receptor of IL-4 and the cytokine-induced receptor complex IL-13. Dupilumab inhibits IL-4 and IL-13 through receptor 1, stopping the release of IgE and proinflammatory cytokines. This treatment can be used to control the inflammatory response caused by allergens. On the other hand, the use of Dupilumab is not patented as the treatment of choice for allergic pathologies. Therefore, in this review, we compile the results of clinical studies of Dupilumab and other mAbs in atopic dermatitis (AD), eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and asthma, with the aim of determining which of the mAbs has provided better results.
Copyright (c) 2023 Marquelle Zerecero-Morcksharpea, Catherin Lizeth Reyes Altamirano , Edna Elisa García Vences http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Viral hepatitis, hallmarks and molecular features
Hepatitis is a liver inflammation which has different etiologies, it can be caused pharmacologically or can be associated with fatty liver or alcohol consumption. However, viral infection as the most important cause. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has published reports of outbreaks of hepatitis of unknown etiology in several countries in children less than 16 years. In this review we describe the general aspects of viral hepatitis, the molecular description of the hepatotropic viruses, laboratory findings, molecular diagnosis, prevention strategies. In addition, the main characteristics of some viruses that are not hepatotropic but have been previously reported to be related to some types of hepatitis are mentioned. Finally, a brief description of new cases of hepatitis of unknown origin is given and the adverse effects of SARS COV-2 vaccines are briefly discussed.
Copyright (c) 2023 Orlando Vargas-Sierra, Nathalia Beatriz Camara-Medina, Nicole Vincze-Galicia, Camila Uriarte-Figueroa, Javiera Pozo-Montalvo, Perla Yaceli Uc-Uc, Daniela Rebolledo-Solleiro http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Anatomical zone where more injuries occur in four different dance styles: Hip-Hop, Classical Ballet, Contemporary dance and Irish dancing: a systematic review
Introduction: To this date there is no systematic study that reviews which anatomical zone has a higher incidence of injuries in four different dance styles: hip-hop, classical ballet, contemporary dance, and Irish dancing. Objective: Summarize and determine the incidence of injuries by anatomical zones in elite, pre-professional and professional dancers who practice one of the following dance styles: ballet, contemporary dance, hip-hop and Irish dancing. Methods: Articles were searched according to the following criteria: year of publication (between 2016 and 2022), observational and cohort studies published in English, full text available, and analysis of the incidence of injuries in the dance styles of hip-hop, classical ballet, contemporary dance, and Irish dancing. MESH terms and Boolean operators used for the search were “injury AND dancers AND incidence”. Data sources: Databases used were ProQuest, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Clinical Key and ScienceDirect. Results: A total of 511 records were identified, and only 19 were included for the analysis. The results of the reviewed literature revealed that the ankle was the anatomical zone with the highest incidence to suffer an injury (62.9%), overuse injuries had a higher incidence rate (63%), and the joint/ligament was the most common musculoskeletal type of injury (36.84%). Conclusion: Overall, the lower extremity had the highest injury incidence rate; even though the four different dance styles have different techniques and biomechanics, the most reported anatomical zone to suffer an injury was the ankle.
Copyright (c) 2022 Michelle Elena Stewart-Reyes, Ángela Hernández Suárez, Alejandra Romo-Araiza http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
AIDS-related disseminated Kaposi Sarcoma: a case report
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common malignant tumor in HIV-infected individuals. Although its most common form consists of skin and mucosal lesions, it can also present itself in a disseminated way affecting the gastrointestinal tract, lungs and eye structures. We present the case of a 27-year-old male patient with HIV infection and disseminated Kaposi sarcoma. Disseminated KS is an uncommon form of the disease. Therefore, it is important to take this into account, particularly in HIV-infected individuals with characteristic cutaneous lesions.
Copyright (c) 2022 Samanta Ruiz, Juan José Díaz-Vintimilla, Maximiliano Trevilla-Viveros, Rogelio Zapata-Arenas, Tamara Monserrat Mejia-Alcantara http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Relationship between mood disorders and functional decline in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, isolation and reduction in mobility have increased the rate of depression and anxiety. This paper reviews the incidence of mood disorders and functional decline in older adults during this period. Methods: We used the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Goldberg anxiety Scale, the Lawton and Brody, and Katz scales to draw our conclusions. Results: A total of 237 patients were clinically evaluated, being 163 women and 74 men. Of the 163 women in the study, 117 suffered from anxiety and 122 from depression. Also, 75 women out of the 163 included in the study, had COVID-19. Of the 74 men evaluated, 35 presented symptoms of anxiety and 27 of depression, the group age that presented the most anxiety were adults between 60 and 69 years old, and depression between 80 and 89 years old. Of these men, 22 had COVID-19. Conclusion: Confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased depression and anxiety levels in older adults, which in turn has had significant impact on their mental health.
Copyright (c) 2022 Pamela Alejandra Salcido de Pablo, Marquelle Zerecero-Morcksharpe, Nazly Salgado-Capistrán, Sofía Paci-Martínez, Samantha Cervantes-Valadez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effect of a gamified digital platform in increasing learning about the prevention of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Introduction: Gamified digital platforms allow non-health related individuals to learn about the prevention, management and treatment of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a new gamified digital platform increases learning about the prevention of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and T2DM. Methods: An exploratory, randomized, cause-effect study was carried out in 150 children between 10 and 12 years of age. Three exploratory, cause-effect experiments were designed to evaluate each one of the following pathologies: T2DM, obesity and metabolic syndrome. For each experiment, two study groups of 25 individuals each were formed. The experimental group was asked to use the digital platform that contained the information on the pathology under study in an animated storytelling and playful way. The control group received written information about each pathology. The assessment was carried out by applying a validated questionnaire including basic questions about the three diseases. This test was performed before and after the intervention. Results: We found a significant improvement (p<0.05) in the post-intervention knowledge acquired within the experimental group about metabolic syndrome, obesity, and T2DM when using the digital platform and compared to the control group. Children in the control group significantly improved their scores after the intervention compared to their baseline ones. Conclusion: Gamified digital platforms have the potential to be a novel primary prevention method for metabolic diseases. The present study allows us to conclude that any validated learning instrument increases knowledge about metabolic diseases. However, gamified digital platforms significantly increase learning compared to other types of methods (written information).
Copyright (c) 2022 Diego Incontri-Abraham, Rocio Macin-Segovia, Elisa Kobashi, Maritza Parada, Daniela González, Alejandro Galván , Andrea P. Ibarra-García , Antonio Ibarra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Philadelphia-positive atypical chronic myeloid leukemia, BCR/ABL negative: a case report
Atypical myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative neoplasm in which patients have a dysplastic increase in blood cells of the myeloid lineage as a result of hypercellular bone marrow. Our patient presented a positive Ph karyotype and a negative ABL/BCR transcript. Moreover, her age does not correspond to the mean of diagnosis. Her first treatment was hydroxyurea 1 g/kg for 60 days, which was not positive for the evolution of the disease and thus the elective treatment was changed to imatinib 400 mg/ day. After two months, the treatment has produced a favorable response, which leads to think that the therapy with imatinib offers better clinical results than other conventional ones. This text presents the study carried out at the Manuel Ávila Camacho National Medical Center and compares it with the existing literature regarding diagnosis and treatment to assess similarities and highlight specific points that may help in future case management.
Copyright (c) 2022 Germán Rivera Monroy, Federica Riccio Cuomo, Dunia Michelle Bustos Campa, Jorge Luis López Marthen http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Bioinformatics approaches for Biomedical Research
An enormous amount of data is generated and compiled in several databases every year. Along with this, comes a demand for the analysis and interpretation of the entirety of this biological information. Taking care of this task, bioinformatics promises breakthroughs in research and development in complex biomedical areas. In just a few years since its beginning, bioinformatics has led to great progress and demonstrated its potential. It has created an opportunity to solve arising medical and molecular issues faster and more efficiently, as compared to the traditional approach. The present review aims to present some of the main applications of bioinformatics in the field of biomedicine, such as comparative genomics, biomarker identification, computer-aided drug design, vaccine design, and personalized medicine. In addition, we also cover some of its steadily reduced limitations.
Copyright (c) 2022 Kasandra Aguilar Cázarez, Ernesto Andrade Collantes, Marisol Verdugo Meza, Claudia María de-la-Rocha-Morales, Cruz Fernando López-Carrera, Paúl Alexis López-Durán http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effect of early or late nutritional intervention with psychological support on symptoms associated with Anorexia Nervosa: a comparative study
Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a disease with increasing incidence and prevalence, favored by biological, psychological, familial, and social factors. Management must be interdisciplinary, involving the intervention of nutritionists and psychologists. Additionally, it is important to evaluate the effect of an early or a late onset of the intervention. Objective: To determine if early nutrition-based intervention along with psychological support leads to a decrease in the symptoms associated with Anorexia Nervosa, when compared with late intervention. Methods: To evaluate the above parameters, an exploratory study was proposed with a design of non-randomized clinical trial and a non-probability purposive sampling of n = 17 women with AN between 12 and 25 years of age (x̄ = 16.8 ± 3.6). According to the moment of the nutritional intervention with psychological support, the 17 women were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 10) start the intervention in the first six months after the onset of the disease while Group 2 (n = 7) started 3 years after the disease. The nutritional and psychological carried out consisted of three phases: individualized nutritional assessment, design of the meal plan according to the metabolic needs of each patient and nutritional indications, and an individualized psychological intervention. Both interventions were carried out once a week for six months, for a total of 24 psychological and nutritional sessions. The physical variables of body mass index (BMI) and arm muscle area (AMA) were measured. To assess emotional changes, the body image dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) was used. Results: Six months after follow-up, the results showed statistically significant changes in the BMI (p <,0.01), AMA (p <,0.01) and body image dissatisfaction (p <,0.01) after the intervention. It was found that the early-intervention group presented lower values in BMI and AMA as compared to the late-intervention patients while both groups showed a marked reduction in body image dissatisfaction values. The late-intervention group presented the sharpest reduction. There was no significant difference in the variables BMI and AMA in the intragroup comparisons. Conclusion: The early-onset nutritional intervention with psychological support decreased the physical and emotional symptoms associated with AN.
Copyright (c) 2022 Andrea Flores-Gamboa, Rocío Ivonne de la Vega-Morales, Lorena Tovar Barrientos, J. Gerardo Serrano-Robles, Nicole Matz-Zyman, Antonio Ibarra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Social networks and COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in Mexican older adults
Introduction: The importance of social networks is growing, impacting everyday life. At this stage of global COVID-19 vaccination roll-out, hesitancy to get immunized is slowing this process; it is thought that this decision could be impacted by information shared on social networks. Objective: Determine whether the use of social networks is associated with the willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the ENSANUT COVID-19 study, that measures the impact of the pandemic on the Mexican population. Only older adults, aged 65 years or older, were included in this work. Face to face interviews were performed to determine social network utilization, willingness to get vaccinated, and socio-demographic information on health and COVID-19. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results: From a total of 1,490 older adults, 59.3 % were women whose mean age was 73.5 (SD 6.8), and 53.3% (n = 795) were willing to get a COVID-19 vaccine when available. In an adjusted multivariate logistic regression model, WhatsApp was found to be a significant variable related to lower risk of vaccine hesitancy (OR 0.43, 95% CI, 0.2–0.85; p = 0.016). Other variables related to vaccine hesitancy were being a woman (OR 1.58, 95% CI, 2–1.23; p < 0.001) and COVID-19 literacy (OR 1.32, 95% CI, 1.01–1.74; p = 0.047). Conclusion: The use of social networks such as WhatsApp is a factor that can influence older adult vaccination against COVID-19. Social networks, among other variables, should be taken into account when analyzing factors that lead to vaccination hesitancy in older adults.
Copyright (c) 2022 Julio M. Fernandez-Villa, Victoria Galnares-Carcoba, Juan S. Solis-Mata, Circe Flores-Ruiz, Mario U. Perez-Zepeda http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Prediabetic patients evaluated with Quantose™ IR and their relationship with anthropometric measurements through bioelectrical impedance analysis
Introduction: New metabolomic biomarkers as Quantose™ IR and anthropometric measurements using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) provide relevant information on patients with insulin resistance and prediabetes. QuantoseTM IR is a novel metabolomic test to assess insulin resistance for screening and monitoring. Establishing a correlation between these variables is useful in clinical practice and, to our knowledge, there are no published studies that explore the relationship between Quantose™ IR and anthropometric measurements using BIA in patients with prediabetes. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between Quantose™ IR and BIA anthropometric variables (fat mass, FM; fat mass index, FMI; and body mass index, BMI) in Mexican patients with prediabetes, overweight, and obesity. Materials and Methods: This is an observational, transversal analytic study in 135 patients of both genders between 20 and 65 years of age, BMI 25.0–34.9, with diagnosis of prediabetes. The Quantose™ IR test was performed as well as anthropometric measurements (FM, FMI, and BMI) using BIA taken with Inbody 230TM. Pearson’s correlations and independent sample t-tests were estimated with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: 135 patients were studied; 77% were female, aged 46 years in average. The prevalence of insulin resistance by Quantose™ IR was 71.1%. A positive correlation was confirmed between Quantose™ IR and FM, FMI, and BMI (p < 0.05). Patients with altered Quantose™ IR had higher FM, FMI, and BMI (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The data here presented confirm the existence of a positive and statistically significant correlation between Quantose™ IR and anthropometric measurements using BIA. This information may be useful for diagnosis and treatment in prediabetic, overweight, and obese patients.
Copyright (c) 2022 Vanessa Mota-Sanhuaa, José Alberto Rojas Jiménez, Diana Martínez Castañeda, Alejandro Covarrubias-Cortés, Georgina Flores García, Sandra López Ríos, Adriana Reyes Camacho, José Antonio Jácome-Mondragón, Blanca Velázquez Hernández http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The development of vaccines based on mRNA technology involves more than a decade of hard work and important advances. Many clinical trials are underway to test these vaccines for the treatment and prevention of infections and diseases, such as cancer, cytomegalovirus, Ebola, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, influenza, malaria, rabies, and Zika. However, after the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, it played a leading role in an important race to develop therapeutic strategies, mainly a vaccine, against the disease. mRNA technology allows the quick and safe creation of vaccines and large scale production. There are currently mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 (Pfizer-BioNtech® and Moderna®) that have received the emergency use authorization of regulatory entities, including the FDA in the USA, the EMA in Europe, and many others, in the process of obtaining clinical data so that they are available in a short time. On the other hand, phase 3 clinical trials continue their course. In preliminary analyses, remarkably high levels of efficacy have been reported, reaching around 95% effectiveness against mild-moderate disease and up to 100% against severe disease and death. The various clinical trials show a robust safety profile, equal to or better than that of many commonly used vaccines, although they are not free of adverse events. Despite this, there are still significant technical challenges and doubts due to the lack of long-term information. mRNA vaccines represent a new era in vaccination and one of the most important advances in health, science, and technology in recent times. In this review, we will show the basic principles of mRNA vaccines and focus on the vaccines used against COVID-19. Scientific evidence shows that mRNA vaccines are one of the best options not only as a defense against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic but also as a novel technology against various diseases.
Musculoskeletal pain in college students: a systematic review
Introduction: To date, there is no systematic study focused on posture-related musculoskeletal pain in college students. Objective: Summarize the evidence of musculoskeletal pain in college students. Eligible criteria: Year of publication between 2015 and 2020, observational studies published in English, full text available, and analysis of the presence of musculoskeletal pain in college students. MESH terms and Boolean operators used for the search were pain AND musculoskeletal AND college students. Data sources: Databases used were PubMed, ClinicalKey, ProQuest, ResearchGate, and ScienceDirect. Results: A total of 318 records were identified out of which 296 were excluded, and only 22 were included for analysis. The majority of the records involved college students form the general population, while five involved dental students and five, health science students. The majority of the records involved a setting in which the student was in a constant sitting position, only two involved a dental setting, and one involved a laboratory setting. Conclusions: The most reported sites of pain were neck, shoulders, and upper and lower back.
Copyright (c) 2021 Galit Wohlmuth-Cohen, Felix León-Avila http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Clinical advances in multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis treatment: A review
Neurodegenerative diseases are clinical manifestations that depend on the anatomy and function of the affected areas. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are some of these diseases, but they are also autoimmune and their etiology makes treatments limited and of little therapeutic efficacy. Currently, some clinical research advances can be pillars for the development of new treatments for these diseases. Therefore, the objective of this review is to describe the latest clinical advances in ALS and MS as well as their results in clinical recovery in randomized clinical trials, meta-analyzes, and full-text systematic reviews conducted in humans and rats, published in English and Spanish in the last 5 years, using PubMed, SciELO, and Cochrane. For clinical trials to be included, they had to provide a detailed breakdown of randomization methods, diagnostic criteria, intervention details, and efficacy evaluation. The results show that, so far, available medications, like riluzole and edaravone for ALS and fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, and IFN β-1b for MS, only prolong the life of the patient. Among these drugs are also glutamate neurotransmitter antagonists, immunomodulators and even antioxidants; each of them showed significant improvement in the reviewed trials. Similarly, other non-pharmaceutical treatments, as the 600-mg dose of curcumin in the diet for ALS, showed improvement of the patients’ conditions. Regarding MS, more studies should be carried out on autotransplantation with adiposederived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) to investigate the potential therapeutic benefit of this technique in phases prior to secondary-progressive (SPMS).
reatment and multiple/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Copyright (c) 2021 Marquelle Zerecero-Morcksharpe, Elisa García-Vences http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0