El principio terapéutico frente al potenciamiento cognitivo mediante fármacos
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La presente es una investigación cualitativa que emplea una metodología de revisión de literatura, análisis y análisis fenomenológico. En la actualidad se ha reportado un uso no prescrito, por parte de personas sanas, de medicamentos destinados al tratamiento de padecimientos cognitivos. Dicha ingesta se ha llevado a cabo con fines potenciadores de capacidades cognitivas específicas tales como memoria, concentración y capacidad de reacción. Este empleo no recomendado de fármacos ha sido documentado mediante una serie de investigaciones y encuestas que encuentran una tendencia al alza en el consumo de estas drogas sobre todo en sectores específicos de la población como el universitario en países desarrollados. El carácter potenciador de estas drogas, cuando se consumen por personas sanas lleva a la necesidad de contrastar su uso con el principio bioético de totalidad o “terapéutico”. Por lo que el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar si el uso de estas sustancias puede o no ser justificado desde una perspectiva bioética a la luz de la interpretación del principio de totalidad.
Se concluye que el empleo de potenciadores cognitivos puede ser permitido en personas sin patología específica pero que reporten un bajo rendimiento en determinadas áreas cognitivas o un detrimento en dichas capacidades derivado de la edad avanzada y no de una enfermedad diagnosticada. Lo anterior siempre que se cumplan criterios de seguridad y se lleven a cabo investigaciones serias y continuadas sobre sus beneficios en las poblaciones antes citadas.
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