mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines: a new age
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36105/psrua.2021v1n2.03Palabras clave:
vacunas ARNm, CVnCoV, mRNA-1273, BNT162Resumen
El desarrollo de vacunas basadas en la tecnología de ARNm tiene más de una década de arduo trabajo e importantes avances; varios estudios clínicos se llevan a cabo para probar estas vacunas en el tratamiento y prevención de infecciones y enfermedades como cáncer, citomegalovirus, ébola, virus de hepatitis C, virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, influenza, malaria, rabia y Zika. Sin embargo, no fue hasta la pandemia de COVID-19 en 2020 que tomó un rol protagónico en una importante carrera para desarrollar estrategias terapéuticas contra la enfermedad, principalmente una vacuna. La tecnología de ARNm permite la generación de vacunas de manera rápida y segura, con la posibilidad de escalar la producción a grandes niveles. En la actualidad, ya contamos con vacunas de ARNm contra COVID-19 (Pfizer-BioNtech® y Moderna®) que cuentan con el registro de emergencia de entidades reguladoras, entre ellas la FDA en EUA y la EMA en Europa, y otras tantas en proceso de obtención de datos clínicos que permitirán su disponibilidad en poco tiempo. Por otra parte, los ensayos clínicos de fase 3 siguen su curso. Los análisis preliminares registran niveles de eficacia notablemente altos: en torno a 95% contra la enfermedad leve-moderada y hasta 100% contra la enfermedad grave, incluida la muerte. Los distintos ensayos clínicos muestran un perfil de seguridad sólido, igual o mayor que el de muchas vacunas de uso común, aunque las vacunas no están exentas de eventos adversos. A pesar de lo anterior, existen importantes retos técnicos y dudas debido a la falta de información a largo plazo. Las vacunas de ARNm representan una nueva era en la vacunación y uno de los avances más importantes en salud, ciencia y tecnología en los últimos tiempos. En esta revisión mostraremos los principios básicos de las vacunas de ARNm y nos centraremos en las vacunas utilizadas contra la COVID-19. La evidencia científica demuestra que las vacunas de ARNm son una de las mejores opciones, no solo para combatir la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 sino como una tecnología novedosa contra diversas enfermedades.
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2021-08-25
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Rodrigo Martínez-Espinosa, R., & Gabriela Ramírez-Vélez, G. (2021). mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines: a new age. Proceedings of Scientific Research Universidad Anáhuac. Multidisciplinary Journal of Healthcare, 1(2), 18–30. https://doi.org/10.36105/psrua.2021v1n2.03
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