Advance Directives, Historical Review, Legislation and Perspectives on the Clinical Relationship
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Abstract
This narrative review addresses the historical and legal evolution of advance directives globally and locally since their emergence. It starts from the principle of autonomy in modern bioethics and its relationship with the patient’s vulnerability, as well as the consideration of death by health professionals. It highlights the essential role of the advance directives document as a valuable tool in the physician-patient-family relationship, being fundamental to understanding the patient’s perspective. The document is defined considering the medical literature and its application is discussed, stressing the importance of not waiting until advanced clinical deterioration for its implementation. The review also examines national and international legislation, as well as current medical knowledge, with the aim of facilitating consensual decisions among all parties involved in patient care.
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